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For example, to check which shared libraries linuxdoom needs, run this command from a Linux system that has Doom installed:. Once copied, create symbolic links to the names in the first column. This example will result in the following files on the FreeBSD system:. If a Linux shared library already exists with a matching major revision number to the first column of the ldd output, it does not need to be copied to the file named in the last column, as the existing library should work.

It is advisable to copy the shared library if it is a newer version, though. The old one can be removed, as long as the symbolic link points to the new one. Since the existing library is only one or two versions out of date in the last digit, the program should still work with the slightly older version.

However, it is safe to replace the existing libc. Generally, one will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux binaries depend on only the first few times that a Linux program is installed on FreeBSD.

After a while, there will be a sufficient set of Linux shared libraries on the system to be able to run newly installed Linux binaries without any extra work. Should all those methods fail, an attempt to execute the binary might result in error message:. Once installed, root can use this command to install a. If necessary, brandelf the installed ELF binaries. Note that this will prevent a clean uninstall. This section describes how Linux binary compatibility works and is based on an email written to FreeBSD chat mailing list by Terry Lambert tlambert primenet.

SAA usr FreeBSD has an abstraction called an «execution class loader». This is a wedge into the execve 2 system call. If it was not the binary type for the system, the execve 2 call returned a failure, and the shell attempted to start executing it as shell commands. The assumption was a default of «whatever the current shell is». FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a single loader, with a fallback to the! For Linux binaries to function, they must be branded as type Linux using brandelf 1 :.

When the ELF loader sees the Linux brand, the loader replaces a pointer in the proc structure. All system calls are indexed through this pointer. In addition, the process is flagged for special handling of the trap vector for the signal trampoline code, and several other minor fix-ups that are handled by the Linux kernel module. The Linux system call vector contains, among other things, a list of sysent[] entries whose addresses reside in the kernel module. When a system call is called by the Linux binary, the trap code dereferences the system call function pointer off the proc structure, and gets the Linux, not the FreeBSD, system call entry points.

Linux mode dynamically reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to union to file system mounts. This makes sure that binaries that require other binaries can run.

The various underlying functions that implement all of the services provided by the kernel are identical to both the FreeBSD system call table entries, and the Linux system call table entries: file system operations, virtual memory operations, signal delivery, and System V IPC. The FreeBSD glue functions are statically linked into the kernel, and the Linux glue functions can be statically linked, or they can be accessed via a kernel module.

If you have scaled mode enabled, then the virtual machine’s screen will be scaled to the size of the window. This can be useful if you have many machines running and want to have a look at one of them while it is running in the background. Alternatively, it might be useful to enlarge a window if the VM’s output screen is very small, for example because you are running an old OS in it.

The aspect ratio of the guest screen is preserved when resizing the window. To ignore the aspect ratio, press Shift during the resize operation. See Chapter 14, Known Limitations for additional remarks. If you have the Guest Additions installed and they support automatic resizing , the Guest Additions will automatically adjust the screen resolution of the guest OS. For example, if you are running a Windows guest with a resolution of x pixels and you then resize the VM window to make it pixels wider, the Guest Additions will change the Windows display resolution to x Otherwise, if the window is bigger than the VM’s screen, the screen will be centered.

If it is smaller, then scroll bars will be added to the machine window. When you click on the Close button of your virtual machine window, at the top right of the window, just like you would close any other window on your system, Oracle VM VirtualBox asks you whether you want to save or power off the VM.

Save the machine state: With this option, Oracle VM VirtualBox freezes the virtual machine by completely saving its state to your local disk. When you start the VM again later, you will find that the VM continues exactly where it was left off.

All your programs will still be open, and your computer resumes operation. Saving the state of a virtual machine is thus in some ways similar to suspending a laptop computer by closing its lid.

Send the shutdown signal. This will send an ACPI shutdown signal to the virtual machine, which has the same effect as if you had pressed the power button on a real computer. This should trigger a proper shutdown mechanism from within the VM.

Power off the machine: With this option, Oracle VM VirtualBox also stops running the virtual machine, but without saving its state. This is equivalent to pulling the power plug on a real computer without shutting it down properly.

If you start the machine again after powering it off, your OS will have to reboot completely and may begin a lengthy check of its virtual system disks. As a result, this should not normally be done, since it can potentially cause data loss or an inconsistent state of the guest system on disk.

As an exception, if your virtual machine has any snapshots, see Section 1. In that case, powering off the machine will not disrupt its state, but any changes made since that snapshot was taken will be lost. The Discard button in the VirtualBox Manager window discards a virtual machine’s saved state. This has the same effect as powering it off, and the same warnings apply.

VM groups enable the user to create ad hoc groups of VMs, and to manage and perform functions on them collectively, as well as individually. Select multiple VMs and select Group from the right-click menu. This command creates a group «TestGroup» and attaches the VM «vm01» to that group. Detach a VM from the group, and delete the group if empty.

For example:. This command detaches all groups from the VM «vm01» and deletes the empty group. This command creates the groups «TestGroup» and «TestGroup2», if they do not exist, and attaches the VM «vm01» to both of them. With snapshots, you can save a particular state of a virtual machine for later use.

At any later time, you can revert to that state, even though you may have changed the VM considerably since then. A snapshot of a virtual machine is thus similar to a machine in Saved state, but there can be many of them, and these saved states are preserved. To see the snapshots of a virtual machine, click on the machine name in VirtualBox Manager.

Then click the List icon next to the machine name, and select Snapshots. Until you take a snapshot of the machine, the list of snapshots will be empty except for the Current State item, which represents the «now» point in the lifetime of the virtual machine.

Take a snapshot. This makes a copy of the machine’s current state, to which you can go back at any given time later. The snapshots window is shown. Do one of the following:. Click the Take icon. Right-click on the Current State item in the list and select Take. In either case, a window is displayed prompting you for a snapshot name. This name is purely for reference purposes to help you remember the state of the snapshot.

For example, a useful name would be «Fresh installation from scratch, no Guest Additions», or «Service Pack 3 just installed». You can also add a longer text in the Description field. Your new snapshot will then appear in the snapshots list.

Underneath your new snapshot, you will see an item called Current State , signifying that the current state of your VM is a variation based on the snapshot you took earlier. If you later take another snapshot, you will see that they are displayed in sequence, and that each subsequent snapshot is derived from an earlier one.

Oracle VM VirtualBox imposes no limits on the number of snapshots you can take. The only practical limitation is disk space on your host. Each snapshot stores the state of the virtual machine and thus occupies some disk space. Restore a snapshot. In the list of snapshots, right-click on any snapshot you have taken and select Restore. By restoring a snapshot, you go back or forward in time.

The current state of the machine is lost, and the machine is restored to the exact state it was in when the snapshot was taken. Restoring a snapshot will affect the virtual hard drives that are connected to your VM, as the entire state of the virtual hard drive will be reverted as well. This means also that all files that have been created since the snapshot and all other file changes will be lost. In order to prevent such data loss while still making use of the snapshot feature, it is possible to add a second hard drive in write-through mode using the VBoxManage interface and use it to store your data.

As write-through hard drives are not included in snapshots, they remain unaltered when a machine is reverted. To avoid losing the current state when restoring a snapshot, you can create a new snapshot before the restore operation. By restoring an earlier snapshot and taking more snapshots from there, it is even possible to create a kind of alternate reality and to switch between these different histories of the virtual machine.

This can result in a whole tree of virtual machine snapshots, as shown in the screenshot above. Delete a snapshot. This does not affect the state of the virtual machine, but only releases the files on disk that Oracle VM VirtualBox used to store the snapshot data, thus freeing disk space. To delete a snapshot, right-click on the snapshot name in the snapshots tree and select Delete. Snapshots can be deleted even while a machine is running.

Whereas taking and restoring snapshots are fairly quick operations, deleting a snapshot can take a considerable amount of time since large amounts of data may need to be copied between several disk image files.

Temporary disk files may also need large amounts of disk space while the operation is in progress. There are some situations which cannot be handled while a VM is running, and you will get an appropriate message that you need to perform this snapshot deletion when the VM is shut down. Think of a snapshot as a point in time that you have preserved. More formally, a snapshot consists of the following:. The snapshot contains a complete copy of the VM settings, including the hardware configuration, so that when you restore a snapshot, the VM settings are restored as well.

For example, if you changed the hard disk configuration or the VM’s system settings, that change is undone when you restore the snapshot. The copy of the settings is stored in the machine configuration, an XML text file, and thus occupies very little space.

The complete state of all the virtual disks attached to the machine is preserved. Going back to a snapshot means that all changes that had been made to the machine’s disks, file by file and bit by bit, will be undone as well. Files that were since created will disappear, files that were deleted will be restored, changes to files will be reverted. Strictly speaking, this is only true for virtual hard disks in «normal» mode.

You can configure disks to behave differently with snapshots, see Section 5. In technical terms, it is not the virtual disk itself that is restored when a snapshot is restored. Instead, when a snapshot is taken, Oracle VM VirtualBox creates differencing images which contain only the changes since the snapshot were taken. When the snapshot is restored, Oracle VM VirtualBox throws away that differencing image, thus going back to the previous state.

This is both faster and uses less disk space. For the details, which can be complex, see Section 5. Creating the differencing image as such does not occupy much space on the host disk initially, since the differencing image will initially be empty and grow dynamically later with each write operation to the disk.

The longer you use the machine after having created the snapshot, however, the more the differencing image will grow in size. If you took a snapshot while the machine was running, the memory state of the machine is also saved in the snapshot. This is in the same way that memory can be saved when you close a VM window. When you restore such a snapshot, execution resumes at exactly the point when the snapshot was taken.

The memory state file can be as large as the memory size of the VM and will therefore occupy considerable disk space.

When you select a virtual machine from the list in the VirtualBox Manager window, you will see a summary of that machine’s settings on the right. Clicking on Settings displays a window, where you can configure many of the properties of the selected VM. But be careful when changing VM settings. It is possible to change all VM settings after installing a guest OS, but certain changes might prevent a guest OS from functioning correctly if done after installation.

This is because the Settings dialog enables you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual machine that is created for your guest OS. For example, the guest OS may not perform well if half of its memory is taken away. As a result, if the Settings button is disabled, shut down the current VM first. Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a wide range of parameters that can be changed for a virtual machine. The various settings that can be changed in the Settings window are described in detail in Chapter 3, Configuring Virtual Machines.

Even more parameters are available when using the VBoxManage command line interface. Removing a VM. The confirmation dialog enables you to specify whether to only remove the VM from the list of machines or to remove the files associated with the VM. Note that the Remove menu item is disabled while a VM is running. Moving a VM. Note that the Move menu item is disabled while a VM is running. You can create a full copy or a linked copy of an existing VM. This copy is called a clone.

The Clone Virtual Machine wizard guides you through the cloning process. Start the wizard by clicking Clone in the right-click menu of the VirtualBox Manager’s machine list or in the Snapshots view of the selected VM.

Specify a new Name for the clone. You can choose a Path for the cloned virtual machine, otherwise Oracle VM VirtualBox uses the default machines folder. The Clone Type option specifies whether to create a clone linked to the source VM or to create a fully independent clone:. Full Clone: Copies all dependent disk images to the new VM folder. A full clone can operate fully without the source VM. Linked Clone: Creates new differencing disk images based on the source VM disk images.

The Snapshots option specifies whether to create a clone of the current machine state only or of everything. Everything: Clones the current machine state and all its snapshots. Current Machine State and All Children:. Clones a VM snapshot and all its child snapshots. This is the default setting. This is the best option when both the source VM and the cloned VM must operate on the same network. The duration of the clone operation depends on the size and number of attached disk images. In addition, the clone operation saves all the differencing disk images of a snapshot.

Note that the Clone menu item is disabled while a machine is running. Oracle VM VirtualBox can import and export virtual machines in the following formats:. This is the industry-standard format. Cloud service formats. Export to and import from cloud services such as Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is supported. OVF is a cross-platform standard supported by many virtualization products which enables the creation of ready-made virtual machines that can then be imported into a hypervisor such as Oracle VM VirtualBox.

Using OVF enables packaging of virtual appliances. These are disk images, together with configuration settings that can be distributed easily.

This way one can offer complete ready-to-use software packages, including OSes with applications, that need no configuration or installation except for importing into Oracle VM VirtualBox.

In particular, no guarantee is made that Oracle VM VirtualBox supports all appliances created by other virtualization software. For a list of known limitations, see Chapter 14, Known Limitations. They can come in several files, as one or several disk images, typically in the widely-used VMDK format. They also include a textual description file in an XML dialect with an.

These files must then reside in the same directory for Oracle VM VirtualBox to be able to import them. Alternatively, the above files can be packed together into a single archive file, typically with an. OVF cannot describe snapshots that were taken for a virtual machine.

As a result, when you export a virtual machine that has snapshots, only the current state of the machine will be exported. The disk images in the export will have a flattened state identical to the current state of the virtual machine. From the file dialog, go to the file with either the. Click Import to open the Appliance Settings screen.

You can change this behavior by using the Primary Group setting for the VM. Base Folder: Specifies the directory on the host in which to store the imported VMs.

You can override the default behavior and preserve the MAC addresses on import. Click Import to import the appliance. Because disk images are large, the VMDK images that are included with virtual appliances are shipped in a compressed format that cannot be used directly by VMs. So, the images are first unpacked and copied, which might take several minutes. You can use the VBoxManage import command to import an appliance. Select one or more VMs to export, and click Next.

The Appliance Settings screen enables you to select the following settings:. Format: Selects the Open Virtualization Format value for the output files. File: Selects the location in which to store the exported files. Write Manifest File: Enables you to include a manifest file in the exported archive file. Click Next to show the Virtual System Settings screen.

You can edit settings for the virtual appliance. For example, you can change the name of the virtual appliance or add product information, such as vendor details or license text.

Click Export to begin the export process. Note that this operation might take several minutes. You can use the VBoxManage export command to export an appliance. Prepare for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Integration. Section 1. Install the Extension Pack. Create a key pair. Upload the public key of the key pair from your client device to the cloud service. Create a cloud profile. The cloud profile contains resource identifiers for your cloud account, such as your user OCID, and details of your key pair.

Your API requests are signed with your private key, and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure uses the public key to verify the authenticity of the request. You must upload the public key to the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console. Optional Create a. The key pair is usually installed in the. Display the User Settings page.

Click Profile , User Settings. The Add Public Key dialog is displayed. Choose Public Key File. This option enables you to browse to the public key file on your local hard disk. Paste Public Keys. This option enables you to paste the contents of the public key file into the window in the dialog box. Click Add to upload the public key. A cloud profile is a text file that contains details of your key files and Oracle Cloud Identifier OCID resource identifiers for your cloud account, such as the following:.

Fingerprint of the public key. To obtain the fingerprint, you can use the openssl command:. Location of the private key on the client device.

Specify the full path to the private key. Optional Passphrase for the private key. This is only required if the key is encrypted.

Shown on the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console. Click Administration , Tenancy Details. Tenancy OCID. Compartment OCID. Click Identity , Compartments. User OCID. Automatically, by using the Cloud Profile Manager. The Cloud Profile Manager is a component of Oracle VM VirtualBox that enables you to create, edit, and manage cloud profiles for your cloud service accounts. Automatically, by using the VBoxManage cloudprofile command. Manually, by creating a config file in your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration directory.

This is the same file that is used by the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure command line interface. Oracle VM VirtualBox automatically uses the config file if no cloud profile file is present in your global configuration directory.

Alternatively, you can import this file manually into the Cloud Profile Manager. This section describes how to use the Cloud Profile Manager to create a cloud profile. To create a cloud profile by importing settings from your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration file.

Perform the following steps to create a new cloud profile automatically, using the Cloud Profile Manager:. Click the Add icon and specify a Name for the profile. Click Properties and specify the following property values for the profile:. Some of these are settings for your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure account, which you can view from the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.

Click Apply to save your changes. Perform the following steps to import an existing Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration file into the Cloud Profile Manager:. Ensure that a config file is present in your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration directory.

Click the Import icon to open a dialog that prompts you to import cloud profiles from external files. This action overwrites any cloud profiles that are in your Oracle VM VirtualBox global settings directory. Click Properties to show the cloud profile settings. Create a new cloud instance from a custom image stored on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

You can configure whether a cloud instance is created and started after the export process has completed. From the Format drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. In the Account drop-down list, select the cloud profile for your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure account. The list after the Account field shows the profile settings for your cloud account. In the Machine Creation field, select an option to configure settings for a cloud instance created when you export to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

The options enable you to do one of the following:. Configure settings for the cloud instance after you have finished exporting the VM. Configure settings for the cloud instance before you start to export the VM. Optional Edit storage settings used for the exported virtual machine in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

You can change the following settings:. Emulated mode is suitable for legacy OS images. Depending on the selection in the Machine Creation field, the Cloud Virtual Machine Settings screen may be displayed before or after export. This screen enables you to configure settings for the cloud instance, such as Shape and Disk Size. Click Create. Depending on the Machine Creation setting, a cloud instance may be started after upload to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is completed.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure provides the option to import a custom Linux image. Before an Oracle VM VirtualBox image can be exported to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, the custom image needs to be prepared to ensure that instances launched from the custom image can boot correctly and that network connections will work.

The following list shows some tasks to consider when preparing an Oracle Linux VM for export:. Use DHCP for network addresses.

Do not specify a MAC address. Disable persistent network device naming rules. This means that the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure instance will use the same network device names as the VM. Add net. Disable any udev rules for network device naming. For example, if an automated udev rule exists for net-persistence :. Enable the serial console. This enables you to troubleshoot the instance when it is running on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

Remove the resume setting from the kernel parameters. This setting slows down boot time significantly. This configures use of the serial console instead of a graphical terminal.

This configures the serial connection. This adds the serial console to the Linux kernel boot parameters. To verify the changes, reboot the machine and run the dmesg command to look for the updated kernel parameters. Enable paravirtualized device support. You do this by adding the virtio drivers to the initrd for the VM.

This procedure works only on machines with a Linux kernel of version 3. Check that the VM is running a supported kernel:. Use the dracut tool to rebuild initrd. Add the qemu module, as follows:. Verify that the virtio drivers are now present in initrd. For more information about importing a custom Linux image into Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, see also:. In the Source drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

Choose the required cloud instance from the list in the Machines field. Click Import to import the instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The following describes the sequence of events when you import an instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The custom image is exported to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object and is stored using Object Storage in the bucket specified by the user.

The Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object is downloaded to the local host. Using a custom image means that you can quickly create cloud instances without having to upload your image to the cloud service every time.

Perform the following steps to create a new cloud instance on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure:. From the Destination drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. In the Images list, select from the custom images available on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. For example, you can edit the Disk Size and Shape used for the VM instance and the networking configuration.

Click Create to create the new cloud instance. Monitor the instance creation process by using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console. You can also use the VBoxManage cloud instance command to create and manage instances on a cloud service. This section includes some examples of how VBoxManage commands can be used to integrate with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and perform common cloud operations.

For more details about the available commands for cloud operations, see Section 8. The Global Settings dialog can be displayed using the File menu, by clicking the Preferences item. This dialog offers a selection of settings, most of which apply to all virtual machines of the current user. The Extensions option applies to the entire system. Enables the user to specify the Host key. The Host key is also used to trigger certain VM actions, see Section 1. Enables the user to specify various settings for Automatic Updates.

Enables the user to specify the GUI language. Enables the user to specify the screen resolution, and its width and height. A default scale factor can be specified for all guest screens. Enables the user to configure the details of NAT networks.

See Section 6. Enables the user to list and manage the installed extension packages. As briefly mentioned in Section 1. For example, you can start a virtual machine with the VirtualBox Manager window and then stop it from the command line.

This is the VirtualBox Manager, a graphical user interface that uses the Qt toolkit. This interface is described throughout this manual. While this is the simplest and easiest front-end to use, some of the more advanced Oracle VM VirtualBox features are not included.

As opposed to the other graphical interfaces, the headless front-end requires no graphics support. This is useful, for example, if you want to host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has no X Window system installed. If the above front-ends still do not satisfy your particular needs, it is possible to create yet another front-end to the complex virtualization engine that is the core of Oracle VM VirtualBox, as the Oracle VM VirtualBox core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean API.

Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a soft keyboard that enables you to input keyboard characters on the guest. A soft keyboard is an on-screen keyboard that can be used as an alternative to a physical keyboard. For best results, ensure that the keyboard layout configured on the guest OS matches the keyboard layout used by the soft keyboard. Oracle VM VirtualBox does not do this automatically. When the physical keyboard on the host is not the same as the keyboard layout configured on the guest.

For example, if the guest is configured to use an international keyboard, but the host keyboard is US English. To send special key combinations to the guest. Note that some common key combinations are also available in the Input , Keyboard menu of the guest VM window. When using nested virtualization, the soft keyboard provides a method of sending key presses to a guest.

By default, the soft keyboard includes some common international keyboard layouts. You can copy and modify these to meet your own requirements. The name of the current keyboard layout is displayed in the task bar of the soft keyboard window.

This is the previous keyboard layout that was used. Click the Layout List icon in the task bar of the soft keyboard window. The Layout List window is displayed. Select the required keyboard layout from the entries in the Layout List window. The keyboard display graphic is updated to show the available input keys.

Modifier keys such as Shift, Ctrl, and Alt are available on the soft keyboard. Click once to select the modifier key, click twice to lock the modifier key. The Reset the Keyboard and Release All Keys icon can be used to release all pressed modifier keys, both on the host and the guest.

To change the look of the soft keyboard, click the Settings icon in the task bar. You can change colors used in the keyboard graphic, and can hide or show sections of the keyboard, such as the NumPad or multimedia keys. You can use one of the supplied default keyboard layouts as the starting point to create a custom keyboard layout. To permananently save a custom keyboard layout, you must save it to file. Otherwise, any changes you make are discarded when you close down the Soft Keyboard window.

Custom keyboard layouts that you save are stored as an XML file on the host, in the keyboardLayouts folder in the global configuration data directory. Highlight the required layout and click the Copy the Selected Layout icon.

A new layout entry with a name suffix of -Copy is created. Edit keys in the new layout. Click on the key that you want to edit and enter new key captions in the Captions fields.

Optional Save the layout to file. This means that your custom keyboard layout will be available for future use. Any custom layouts that you create can later be removed from the Layout List, by highlighting and clicking the Delete the Selected Layout icon. For the various versions of Windows that are supported as host operating systems, please refer to Section 1.

In addition, Windows Installer must be present on your system. This should be the case for all supported Windows platforms. This will extract the installer into a temporary directory, along with the. MSI file. Run the following command to perform the installation:. Using either way displays the installation Welcome dialog and enables you to choose where to install Oracle VM VirtualBox, and which components to install. USB support. This enables your VM’s virtual network cards to be accessed from other machines on your physical network.

Python support. For this to work, an already working Windows Python installation on the system is required. Python version at least 2. Python 3 is also supported. Depending on your Windows configuration, you may see warnings about unsigned drivers, or similar. The installer will create an Oracle VM VirtualBox group in the Windows Start menu, which enables you to launch the application and access its documentation. If this is not wanted, you must invoke the installer by first extracting as follows:.

Then, run either of the following commands on the extracted. The following features are available:. This feature must not be absent, since it contains the minimum set of files to have working Oracle VM VirtualBox installation. All networking support. For example, to only install USB support along with the main binaries, run either of the following commands:.

For some legacy Windows versions, the installer will automatically select the NDIS5 driver and this cannot be changed. Use either of the following commands:. Set to 1 to enable, 0 to disable. Default is 1. Specifies whether or not the file extensions. Perform the following steps to install on a Mac OS X host:. Double-click on the dmg file, to mount the contents. A window opens, prompting you to double-click on the VirtualBox.

To uninstall Oracle VM VirtualBox, open the disk image dmg file and double-click on the uninstall icon shown. To perform a non-interactive installation of Oracle VM VirtualBox you can use the command line version of the installer application. Mount the dmg disk image file, as described in the installation procedure, or use the following command line:. For the various versions of Linux that are supported as host operating systems, see Section 1.

You may need to install the following packages on your Linux system before starting the installation. SDL 1. This graphics library is typically called libsdl or similar. These packages are only required if you want to run the Oracle VM VirtualBox graphical user interfaces. In order to run other operating systems in virtual machines alongside your main operating system, Oracle VM VirtualBox needs to integrate very tightly with your system.

To do this it installs a driver module called vboxdrv into the system kernel. The kernel is the part of the operating system which controls your processor and physical hardware. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox Manager to configure virtual machines, but they will not start.

Network drivers called vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp are also installed. They enable virtual machines to make more use of your computer’s network capabilities and are needed for any virtual machine networking beyond the basic NAT mode.

Since distributing driver modules separately from the kernel is not something which Linux supports well, the Oracle VM VirtualBox install process creates the modules on the system where they will be used. This means that you may need to install some software packages from the distribution which are needed for the build process.

Required packages may include the following:. Also ensure that all system updates have been installed and that your system is running the most up-to-date kernel for the distribution. The running kernel and the kernel header files must be updated to matching versions. The following list includes some details of the required files for some common distributions.

Start by finding the version name of your kernel, using the command uname -r in a terminal. The list assumes that you have not changed too much from the original installation, in particular that you have not installed a different kernel type.

With Debian and Ubuntu-based distributions, you must install the correct version of the linux-headers , usually whichever of linux-headers-generic , linux-headers-amd64 , linux-headers-i or linux-headers-ipae best matches the kernel version name.

Also, the linux-kbuild package if it exists. Basic Ubuntu releases should have the correct packages installed by default. On Fedora, Red Hat, Oracle Linux and many other RPM-based systems, the kernel version sometimes has a code of letters or a word close to the end of the version name. For example «uek» for the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel or «default» or «desktop» for the standard kernels. In this case, the package name is kernel-uek-devel or equivalent.

If there is no such code, it is usually kernel-devel. If you suspect that something has gone wrong with module installation, check that your system is set up as described above and try running the following command, as root:. See your system documentation for details of the kernel module signing process. Oracle VM VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition, there is an alternative generic installer. Download the appropriate package for your distribution.

The following example assumes that you are installing to a bit Ubuntu Xenial system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package,as follows:. The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured.

You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel headers, see Section 2. After correcting any problems, run the following command:. If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will attempt to load that module. If this fails, please see Section Once Oracle VM VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by clicking VirtualBox in your Start menu or from the command line.

Creates a new system group called vboxusers. The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter. Or if you do not have the sudo command available, run the following as root instead:. Either use the OS user management tools or run the following command as root:.

The usermod command of some older Linux distributions does not support the -a option, which adds the user to the given group without affecting membership of other groups. In this case, find out the current group memberships with the groups command and add all these groups in a comma-separated list to the command line after the -G option.

For example: usermod -G group1 , group2 ,vboxusers username. If you cannot use the shell script installer described in Section 2. Run the installer as follows:. This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. To build the module, change to the directory and use the following command:. If everything builds correctly, run the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:.

In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and run the following command:. The above make command will tell you how to create the device node, depending on your Linux system. On certain Linux distributions, you might experience difficulties building the module. You will have to analyze the error messages from the build system to diagnose the cause of the problems.

In general, make sure that the correct Linux kernel sources are used for the build process. Next, you install the system initialization script for the kernel module and activate the initialization script using the right method for your distribution, as follows:.

The Debian packages will request some user feedback when installed for the first time. The debconf system is used to perform this task. To prevent any user interaction during installation, default values can be defined. A file vboxconf can contain the following debconf settings:. The first line enables compilation of the vboxdrv kernel module if no module was found for the current kernel. The second line enables the package to delete any old vboxdrv kernel modules compiled by previous installations.

These default settings can be applied prior to the installation of the Oracle VM VirtualBox Debian package, as follows:. In addition there are some common configuration options that can be set prior to the installation. The RPM format does not provide a configuration system comparable to the debconf system. To configure the installation process for. The automatic generation of the udev rule can be prevented with the following setting:.

If the following line is specified, the package installer will not try to build the vboxdrv kernel module if no module fitting the current kernel was found.

The Linux installers create the system user group vboxusers during installation. A user can be made a member of the group vboxusers either by using the desktop user and group tools, or with the following command:. These are symbolic links to VBox. The following detailed instructions should only be of interest if you wish to execute Oracle VM VirtualBox without installing it first. You should start by compiling the vboxdrv kernel module and inserting it into the Linux kernel.

The daemon is automatically started if necessary. There can be multiple daemon instances under different user accounts and applications can only communicate with the daemon running under the user account as the application. The local domain socket resides in a subdirectory of your system’s directory for temporary files called. In case of communication problems or server startup problems, you may try to remove this directory.

For the specific versions of Oracle Solaris that are supported as host operating systems, see Section 1. If you have a previously installed instance of Oracle VM VirtualBox on your Oracle Solaris host, please uninstall it first before installing a new instance. The installation must be performed as root and from the global zone. This is because the Oracle VM VirtualBox installer loads kernel drivers, which cannot be done from non-global zones.

To verify which zone you are currently in, execute the zonename command. The installer will then prompt you to enter the package you wish to install. Choose 1 or all and proceed. Next the installer will ask you if you want to allow the postinstall script to be executed.

Choose y and proceed, as it is essential to execute this script which installs the Oracle VM VirtualBox kernel module. Following this confirmation the installer will install Oracle VM VirtualBox and execute the postinstall setup script.

Once the postinstall script has been executed your installation is now complete. You may now safely delete the uncompressed package and autoresponse files from your system. A user can be made a member of this group either by using the desktop user and group tools or by running the following command as root:.

Note that adding an active user to the vboxuser group will require the user to log out and then log in again. This should be done manually after successful installation of the package. Using the links provided is easier as you do not have to enter the full path. To perform the uninstallation, start a root terminal session and run the following command:. To perform a non-interactive installation of Oracle VM VirtualBox there is a response file named autoresponse.

The installer uses this for responses to inputs, rather than prompting the user. Extract the tar. Then open a root terminal session and run the following command:.

To perform a non-interactive uninstallation, open a root terminal session and run the following command:. This is done by performing the following steps. Start a root terminal and run the following command:. Use zonecfg to add the device resource and match properties to the zone, as follows:. This is specified below using the dir attribute and the special attribute. Reboot the zone using zoneadm and you should be able to run Oracle VM VirtualBox from within the configured zone.

You have considerable latitude when deciding what virtual hardware to provide to the guest. Use virtual hardware to communicate with the host system or with other guests. For example, you can use virtual hardware in the following ways:.

Provide a guest system access to the physical network through its virtual network card. Provide the host system, other guests, and computers on the Internet access to the guest system.

Because Oracle VM VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization environment for x86 systems, it can run guest operating systems OSes of any kind. Platforms With Full Support. See Table 3. Platforms With Limited Support. Therefore, resolution of customer issues is not guaranteed. Note that this feature is experimental and thus unsupported.

Oracle VM VirtualBox is the first product to provide the modern PC architecture expected by OS X without requiring any of the modifications used by competing virtualization solutions.

For example, some competing solutions perform modifications to the Mac OS X install DVDs, such as a different boot loader and replaced files. Be aware of the following important issues before you attempt to install a Mac OS X guest:. Mac OS X is commercial, licensed software and contains both license and technical restrictions that limit its use to certain hardware and usage scenarios. You must understand and comply with these restrictions. These license restrictions are also enforced on a technical level.

Mac OS X verifies that it is running on Apple hardware. Most DVDs that accompany Apple hardware check for the exact model. Only CPUs that are known and tested by Apple are supported. The Mac OS X installer expects the hard disk to be partitioned. So, the installer will not offer a partition selection to you.

Before you can install the software successfully, start the Disk Utility from the Tools menu and partition the hard disk. Close the Disk Utility and proceed with the installation.

See Chapter 14, Known Limitations. This is especially true for bit Windows VMs. You only need to provide the installation medium and a few other parameters, such as the name of the default user. Create a new VM. Use one of the following methods:. The VirtualBox Manager, see Section 1. The VBoxManage createvm command, see Section 8. The following sections in this chapter describe how to change the settings for a VM. Prepare the VM for unattended guest installation. Use the VBoxManage unattended command, see Section 8.

Start the VM.

 
 

 

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